The global profile of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from goats and sheep: A systematic review

Background and Aim: Antibiotic resistance has become an issue of global importance due to increasing levels bacterial infections worldwide. Farm management usage antibiotics in livestock are known risk factors associated with the increase antibiotic resistance. Goats sheep examples large populations. Although bacteria from negatively affects both human health economy, data regarding this goats limited. Therefore, study aimed provide information on antibiotic-resistance profile isolated worldwide (Asia, Europe, Africa). Materials Methods: We performed a systematic review articles published topic without any restriction year publication. searched Directory Open Access Journals, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus using Boolean logic through various keywords. The search generated total 1325 articles, after screening for duplicates implementing inclusion exclusion criteria, qualitative synthesis (i.e., review) was 37 articles. Results: synthesized indicated that 18 Gram-positive 13 Gram-negative species were resistant ten antibiotics, namely penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfamethoxazole. prevalence ranged 0.4% 100%. However, up 100% some bacteria, namely, Salmonella Dublin, Aeromonas caviae, sobria, susceptible CIP. Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli highly all tested. Moreover, eight tested critically important humans. Conclusion: Antibiotic-resistant potential animal health. Collaboration between stakeholders further research is needed prevent negative impacts Keywords: antibiotic, goat, resistance, sheep.